Okun’s Law in Austria

Reform of Severance Pay Law in Austria

In 2002, Austria has reformed its severance pay legislation. In the new system (Abfertigung Neu) individual savings accounts are managed by so-called employee provision funds (“Mitarbeitervorsorgekassen”). The system is funded by employers via a monthly untaxed payment of 1.53 % of gross wages. Accumulated entitlements rest in the employee’s account until retirement, unless the work contract ha...

Austria Report Austria

Ever since individual locus standi before the Cartel Court was introduced in 1993, private enforcement of competition rules has played an important role in Austria. To a considerable extent, actions by private parties, or by public institutions such as the Chamber of Labour, have compensated for the lack of a public prosecutor in competition matters. However, in most cases these private enforce...

Surgery in Austria.

I n 1747, Gerhard van Swieten (1700-1772), personal physician to Empress Maria Theresia and reformer of medical education in Austria, founded a bonne école de chirurgie in Vienna. He invited the Florentine Natalis Giuseppe Pallucci (1719-1797), whom he had specially trained in Paris, France, to Vienna to assist him with the school. However, although van Swieten was highly successful as a reform...

Infant mortality in Austria.

Weak-Minded Responsibility in Iranian Criminal Law and Egyptian Law

In Iran's criminal law, humans are not only divided into wise or insane they are also persons who, on the one hand, do not fall under Article 149 of the Islamic Penal Code in the definition of insane persons and on the other hand, they are not wise, the rational age of these people is lower than their child's physical age that Affected by mental disorder and mental retardation. Article 91 of th...